There are more than 400 kinds of anemia. All kinds of anemia can be classified differently. It is required to understand the symptoms and prevent it. Classifications are as follow-
Kinds of Anemia
A. Morphological classification: Kinds of Anemia based on absolute value:
1) Microcytic hypochromic: MCV, MCH is MCHC are reduced in these kinds of Anemia. Following kinds of anemia or condition are included in this classification-
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Thalassemia
- Sideroblastic
- Anemia of chronic disease (some cases)
- Hemoglobinopathies
- Lead poisoning
2) Normocytic normochromic: MCV, MCH, MCHC are normal but RBC and hemoglobin count are reduced in these kinds of Anemia. Following kinds of anemia are included in this classification-
- Acute hemorrhagic
- Aplastic
- Hemolytic (except thalassemia and some other Hb disorders)
- Renal disease
- Bone marrow failure (e. g. post chemotherapy, infiltration by carcinoma etc)
3) Macrocytic: MCV and MCH are increased, but MCHC is normal in these kinds of anemia. Following kinds of anemia are included in this classification-
i. Megaloblastic- due to vitamin B-12 and folic acid deficiency
ii. Non-megaloblastic- e. g liver disease, alcohol
ii. Non-megaloblastic- e. g liver disease, alcohol
B. Etiological classification: Following Kinds of anemia are included in this classification-
1) Hemorrhagic or Blood loss:
i. Acute hemorrhage:
Accidental trauma
Surgical operation
ii. Chronic hemorrhage:
GIT lesion: Hook warm infestation, Peptic ulcer disease, Bleeding piles, hemorrhoids etc.
Gynecological disturbance: Menorrhagia
2) Hemolytic: It is due to excess RBC destruction.
i. Hereditary- e.g. Thalassemia, Sickle cell
ii. Acquired- e.g. Hemolytic disease of newborn, Incompatible blood transfusion, Malaria etc.
3) Dyshemopoietic:
i. Due to deficiency of essential elements of erythropoiesis:
Iron deficiency anemia
Megaloblastic due to both vitamin B-12 and folic acid deficiency
Anemia of pregnancy
Nutritional Anemia in protein-energy malnutrition or with scurvy (due to deficiency of vitamin C)
ii. Due to Bone marrow disturbance:
Aplastic
Anemia with renal failure or endocrine disorders
Sideroblastic
Clinical Classification:
1) Mild: When Hb =12 to 9 gm/dl
2) Moderate: When Hb = 9 to 6 gm/dl
3) Severe: When Hb = Less than 6 gm/dl
Kinds of Anemia's which are the most common
- Iron deficiency anemia
- Pernicious
- Aplastic
- Sickle Cell
- Blood loss
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