Glaucoma may be defined as a group of eye conditions that lead to optic nerve damage, which causes loss of vision.
It has four main types:
- Open-angle/chronic
- Angle-closure/acute
- Congenital
- Secondary
Open-angle/chronic type is the most common.
Why it occurs?
Elevated pressure in the eye causes open-angle type. But, the exact cause is unknown. When the exit of the aqueous humor fluid is suddenly blocked, angle-closure type occurs. The genetic factor can cause it. Secondary glaucoma is caused by eye diseases such as uveitis, drugs such as corticosteroids, systemic diseases, trauma etc.
What are the Symptoms?
Usually, at first, there are no symptoms. But, gradually symptoms do appear. Symptoms are-
In chronic glaucoma
- Eye pain
- Blurred vision
- Tunnel vision or, slow loss of side/peripheral vision
- Occasional headaches
In acute glaucoma
- Sudden and severe eye pain
- Visual blurring
- Rainbow-like halos around lights
- Red eye
- Pupil of the eye may be large and non-reactive to light
- The appearance of the cornea may be cloudy to the naked eye
- Nausea and vomiting
- Sudden onset of visual disturbance
- Eye feels swollen
- Headaches
In Secondary glaucoma (after an injury or certain diseases):
- Red eye
- Tearing
- Visual blurring
- Headaches
- Rainbow-like halos around lights
- Cloudiness of the front of the eye
- Enlargement of one eye or both eyes
What can happen if it left untreated?
Some vision may have been lost permanently, so it’s very important to diagnose and treat it early. Complications are-
- Total blindness
- Blind spots in your peripheral vision
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